Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of "Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine"

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⭐ Core Definition: Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

Naseraddin Shah Qajar (Persian: ناصرالدین‌شاه قاجار, romanizedNâser al-Din Shâh-e Qâjâr, pronounced [nɒːˌseɹ æl‿ˈdiːn ˌʃɒːh‿e qɒːˈd͡ʒɒːɹ]; 17 July 1832 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. During his rule there was internal pressure from the people of Iran, as well as external pressure from the British Empire and the Russian Empire. He granted many concessions, most importantly the Reuter concession and the tobacco concession, both of which were cancelled.

He allowed the establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernising reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper classes which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He was assassinated at Shah Abdulazim Shrine in Rey near Tehran. He was the first modern Iranian monarch who formally visited Europe and wrote of his travels in his memoirs.He was the son of Muhammad Shah and Malek Jahan Khanom and the third longest reigning monarch in Iranian history after Shapur II of the Sasanian dynasty and Tahmasp I of the Safavid dynasty. Naseraddin Shah had sovereign power for close to 48 years.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of State visit

A state visit is a formal visit by the head of a sovereign country (or representative of the head of a sovereign country) to another sovereign country, at the invitation of the head of state (or representative) of that foreign country, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit. Speaking for the host, it is generally called a state reception. State visits are considered to be the highest expression of friendly bilateral relations between two sovereign states, and are in general characterised by an emphasis on official public ceremonies.

A less formal visit, with less emphasis on ceremonial events, can be classified in descending order of formality as an official visit, an official working visit, a working visit, a guest-of-government visit, or a private visit.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Aziz Khan Mokri

Aziz Khan Mokri (also spelled Aziz Khan Mukri; Persian: عزیزخان مکری; 1792 – 1871) was an Iranian military officer and grandee, who occupied high offices under the Qajar shah Naser al-Din Shah (r. 1834–1896). He served as the commander-in-chief of the army from 1853 to 1857.

A native of Sardasht, Aziz Khan belonged to the Kurdish Mokri tribe. He spent his early career in the sixth regiment (fawj-e sheshom) of Azerbaijan, which he led as sarhang during the siege of Herat in 1837–1839. Dismissed for some time following his unsuccessful endeavors in the Herat operation, Aziz Khan was later appointed the consultant of Fars. There he eventually rose up to the position of sarhang of the fourth regiment of Tabriz, which was stationed in Fars. On 8 August 1853, Aziz Khan was promoted to sardar-e koll-e asaker (commander-in-chief of the army).

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Amir Kabir

Mirza Taghi Khan-e Farahani (Persian: میرزا تقی‌خان فراهانی), better known as Amir Kabir (Persian: امیرکبیر‎; 9 January 1807 – 10 January 1852), was chief minister to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar for the first three years of his reign. He is widely considered to be "Iran's first reformer", a moderniser who was "unjustly struck down" as he attempted to bring "gradual reform" to Iran. Amir Kabir founded the first centre for higher education in Iran and the second Persian-language newspaper in the country. He prohibited bribery, torture of defendants and prisoners, and structured Iranian tax and financial system. As the prime minister, he also ordered suppression of Babism and the execution of the founder of the movement, the Báb. In the last years of his life he was exiled to Fin Garden in Kashan and was murdered by the command of Naser al-Din Shah on 10 January 1852.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Persian Constitutional Revolution

The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Persian: مشروطیت, romanizedMašrutiat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enqelâbe Mašrute), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911 during the Qajar era. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Iran (Persia), and has been called an "epoch-making episode in the modern history of Persia".

The revolution was "the first of its kind in the Islamic world, earlier than the revolution of the Young Turks in 1908". It opened the way for the modern era in Iran, and debate in a burgeoning press. Many groups fought to shape the course of the revolution. The old order, which Naser al-Din Shah Qajar had struggled for so long to sustain, was finally replaced by new institutions.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Reuter concession

The Reuter concession (Persian: امتیازنامه رویتر) was a contract signed in 1872 between Paul Reuter, a German-born British banker, businessman, and founder of Reuters, and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, the Shah of Qajar Iran.

George Curzon wrote that:

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Tobacco Protest

The Persian Tobacco Protest (Persian: نهضت تنباکو, romanizednehzat-e tanbāku) was a Twelver Shia Muslim revolt in Qajar Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar to the British Empire, granting control over growth, sale, and export of tobacco to an Englishman, Major G. F. Talbot. The protest was held by merchants in major cities such as Tehran, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Isfahan in solidarity with the clerical establishment. It climaxed in a widely obeyed December 1891 fatwa against tobacco use issued by Grand Ayatollah Mirza Shirazi.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Malek Jahan Khanom

Malek Jahan Khanom (Persian: ملک‌جهان خانم; 26 February 1805 – 2 April 1873) was one of the wives of Muhammad Shah Qajar and the mother of Naseraddin Shah. She was the de facto regent of Iran for one month, from 5 September until 5 October in 1848, between the death of her husband and the accession of her son.

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Naser al-Din Shah Qajar in the context of Mirror Hall

Mirror Hall (Persian: تالار آینه tālār-e āyeneh) is an oil on canvas painting by Iranian realist painter Kamal-ol-Molk, his first work since receiving the title Kamal-ol-Molk ("Perfection of the Realm"). It is considered one of his masterpieces, and marks a starting point in Iran's modern art.

The painting was executed in over five years, depicting Naser-ed-Din Shah sitting on a chair in front of a window at the Mirror Hall of the Golestan Palace, the chief residence of the Qajar dynasty.

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