The Nacionalista Party (Filipino and Spanish: Partido Nacionalista; lit. 'Nationalist Party,' NP) is a political party in the Philippines that is the oldest existing party in the country and in Southeast Asia. It was responsible for leading the country throughout most of the 20th century since its founding in 1907; it was the ruling party from 1935 to 1946 (under Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña), 1953 to 1961 (under Ramon Magsaysay and Carlos P. Garcia), and 1965 to 1978 (under Ferdinand Marcos), and also was one of the two dominant political parties (along with the Liberal Party) throughout the existence of the Third Republic.
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Nacionalista Party in the context of Jose P. Laurel
José Paciano García Laurel Sr. (March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and judge, who served as the President of the Second Philippine Republic from 1943 to 1945, which was a Japanese ally during World War II.
Laurel was the runner-up in the 1949 Philippine presidential election. In the 1951 Philippine Senate election, he was elected to the Senate of the Philippines for the Nacionalista Party. He headed a mission to negotiate trade and other matters with the United States, which led to the Laurel–Langley Agreement of 1954.
Nacionalista Party in the context of Commonwealth of the Philippines
The Commonwealth of the Philippines (Spanish: Mancomunidad de Filipinas; Tagalog: Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was an unincorporated territory and commonwealth (dependency) of the United States that existed from 1935 to 1946. It was established following the Tydings–McDuffie Act to replace the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands and was designed as a transitional administration in preparation for full Philippine independence. Its foreign affairs remained managed by the United States.
During its more than a decade of existence, the Commonwealth had a strong executive and a supreme court. Its legislature, dominated by the Nacionalista Party, was initially unicameral but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalog – the language of the capital Manila and its surrounding provinces – as the basis of the national language, although it would be many years before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted, and the economy recovered to pre-Depression levels before the Japanese invasion of the islands in 1941. A period of exile took place during World War II from 1942 to 1945, when Japan occupied the Commonwealth.