Tlaxcala is a state in central Mexico that is divided into 60 municipalities. According to the 2020 INEGI census, it is the fifth least populated state with 1,342,977 inhabitants and the second smallest by land area spanning 3,996.6 square kilometres (1,543.1 sq mi).
Municipalities in Tlaxcala are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens, and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection, and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.
