Syria (Roman province) in the context of "Nicomachus"

Pacatianus, known in English as Pacatian (/ˈpəkeɪʃ(i)ən/; Latin: Tiberius Claudius Mar[...] Pacatianus; died c. 248) was a usurper in the Danube area of the Roman Empire during the time of Philip the Arab. His praenomen and nomen suggest his ancestors obtained Roman citizenship either during the time of Tiberius or of Claudius.

His life is known from mentions in the histories of Zosimus and Zonaras. However, the chronology of these accounts is obscure, and modern scholars use coinage to establish the timeline of his life and revolt. Zonaras names him as a 'unit commander' of one of the Danube legions, possibly Legio VII Claudia. He was likely a leader in the effort to drive Gothic invaders out of Roman territory in 248, one of the first actions of the Gothic War. Either during this action or soon after he was acclaimed emperor by the Danube legions. Eventually his control extended to the city of Viminacium. According to Zosimus, the news of Pacatian's revolt in Moesia and of Jotapian's near-simultaneous revolt in Syria prompted Philip to make an offer to the Roman Senate to step down. Both Zosimus and Zonoras relate that Philip was advised by the senator Decius, who predicted that Pacatian would soon be killed by his troops. This soon came to pass, and Philip (over Decius' objections) sent Decius to the Danube to find out the causes of the revolt. Decius was promptly acclaimed as emperor by the legions on the Danube, and (though Zonaras records that Decius offered to resign) eventually overcame Philip by the end of 249.

Pompey's eastern settlement was the reorganization of Asia Minor and the Levant carried out by the Roman general Pompey in the 60s BC, in the aftermath of his suppression of piracy, his victory in the Third Mithridatic War and the dissolution of the Seleucid Empire, which brought the entire Near East under Roman control. It involved the establishment of new Roman provinces: alongside an enlarged Asia, Bithynia and Pontus in the north and Cilicia in the south, while the Seleucid realm was annexed as the province of Syria. In the interior, a network of native client kingdoms was established as a buffer to the Parthian Empire.

Pompey also carried out reforms to the provincial administrative and taxation systems in the Roman East, and founded new cities. Although generally acknowledged as humane and sound, the Eastern Settlement was carried out without the advice or consent of the Roman Senate, and the reorganization was not ratified for several years due to senatorial opposition against Pompey, who stood to gain enormous prestige, as well as expand his patronage over the entire East. This eventually led Pompey to join forces with Crassus and Julius Caesar in the First Triumvirate; ratification of the eastern settlement was one of the main legislative planks of Caesar's first consulship in 59 BC. Many of the provisions of Pompey's survived for centuries, well into the Roman Empire.