List of Fatimid caliphs in the context of "Salamiyah"

Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية, romanized: Salamiyya; also transliterated Salamiyya, Salamieh or Salamya) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. It is located 33 kilometres (21 miles) southeast of Hama, 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Homs. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismaili.

The city is nicknamed the "mother of Cairo" because it was the birthplace of the second Fatimid caliph al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, whose dynasty would eventually establish the city of Cairo, and the early headquarters of his father Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah who founded the Fatimid Caliphate. The city is an important center of the Shi'ite Nizari Isma'ili and Taiyabi Isma'ili Islamic schools of Ismailism and also the birthplace of influential poet Muhammad al-Maghut. The population of the city is 66,724 (2004 census).

Abū Tamīm Maʿad al-Mustanṣir biʾllāh (Arabic: أبو تميم معد المستنصر بالله‎; 2 July 1029 – 29 December 1094) was the eighth Fatimid Caliph from 1036 until 1094. He was one of the longest reigning Muslim rulers. His reign was the twilight of the Fatimid state. The start of his reign saw the continuation of competent administrators running the Fatimid state (Anushtakin, al-Jarjara'i, and later al-Yazuri), overseeing the state's prosperity in the first two decades of al-Mustansir's reign. However, the break out of court infighting between the Turkish and Berber/Sudanese court factions following al-Yazuri's assassination, coinciding with natural disasters in Egypt and the gradual loss of administrative control over Fatimid possessions outside of Egypt, almost resulted in the total collapse of the Fatimid state in the 1060s, before the appointment of the Armenian general Badr al-Jamali, who assumed power as vizier in 1073, and became the de facto dictator of the country under the nominal rule of al-Mustansir.

The caliph al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh was the last Imam before a disastrous split divided the Isma'ili movement in two, due to the struggle in the succession between al-Mustansir's older son, Nizar, and the younger al-Mustaʽli, who was raised to the throne by Badr's son and successor, al-Afdal Shahanshah. The followers of Nizar, who predominated in Iran and Syria, became the Nizari branch of Isma'ilism, while those of al-Musta'li became the Musta'li branch.

Lists of rulers of Egypt:

• List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC)
  • List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC)
  • List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC)
  • List of Ptolemaic dynasty rulers of Egypt (332 BC – 30 BC)
• List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD)
• List of rulers of Islamic Egypt (640–1517)
  • List of Rashidun emirs (640–658)
  • List of Umayyad wali (659–750)
  • List of Abbasid governors, First Period (750–868)
  • List of Tulunid emirs (868–905)
  • List of Abbasid governors, Second Period (905–935)
  • List of Ikhshidid emirs (935–969)
  • List of Fatimid caliphs (969–1171)
  • List of Ayyubid rulers (1171–1250)
  • List of Mamluk sultans (1250–1517)
• List of Ottoman governors of Egypt (1517–1805)
  • List of French governors of Egypt (1798–1801)
• List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805–1953)
  • List of British colonial heads of Egypt (1798–1936)
  • List of Grand Viziers of Egypt (1857–1878)
• List of presidents of Egypt (1953–present)
  • List of prime ministers of Egypt (1878–present)