Kolla people in the context of Jujuy Province

Aymara (Aymara pronunciation: [ajˈmaɾa] ; also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over one million speakers. Aymara, along with Spanish and Quechua, is an official language in Bolivia and Peru. It is also spoken, to a much lesser extent, by some communities in northern Chile and northern Argentina, where it is a recognized minority language.

Academic sources confirm that Aymara is spoken in Argentina, particularly in the provinces of Jujuy and Salta. Aymara is recognized as one of the indigenous language families within the country, often grouped alongside others such as Quechua, Mapuche, and Guaraní. The University of Arizona identifies the Kolla people, who speak Aymara, as having a significant presence in these provinces.

Native Argentines (Spanish: Argentinos nativos), also known as Indigenous Argentines (Spanish: Argentinos indígenas), are Argentines who have predominant or total ancestry from one of the 39 groups of Indigenous peoples officially recognized by the national government. As of the 2022 census [INDEC], some 1,306,730 Argentines (2.83% of the country's population) self-identify as Indigenous or first-generation descendants of Indigenous peoples.

The most populous Indigenous groups were the Aonikenk, Kolla, Qom, Wichí, Diaguita, Mocoví, Huarpes, Mapuche and Guarani. Many Argentines also identify as having at least one Indigenous ancestor; a genetic study conducted by the University of Buenos Aires in 2011 showed that more than 56% of the 320 Argentines sampled were shown to have at least one Indigenous ancestor in one parental lineage and around 11% had Indigenous ancestors in both parental lineages.