Jean-Baptiste Mougeot (25 September 1776, in Bruyères – 5 December 1858) was a French physician and botanist.
From 1798 to 1802, he was stationed in Germany as an army health officer, afterwards returning to his hometown of Bruyères, where he settled as a physician. From 1833 until his death in 1858, he was a member of the conseil général for the département of Vosges. Together with Wilhelm Philippe Schimper, Antoine Mougeot and Chrétien Géofroy Nestler he edited some exsiccatae, among them Stirpes cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenanae; quas in Rheni superioris inferiorisque, nec non Vogesorum praefecturis collegerunt (1843-1854).
