Javakheti Plateau in the context of "Georgia (country)"

The Caucasus (/ˈkɔːkəsəs/) or Caucasia (/kɔːˈkeɪʒə/) is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have conventionally been considered as a natural barrier between Europe and Asia, bisecting the Eurasian landmass. Mount Elbrus, Europe's highest mountain, is situated in the Western Caucasus area of Russia. On the southern side, the Lesser Caucasus includes the Javakheti Plateau and the Armenian highlands.

The Caucasus is divided into the North Caucasus and South Caucasus, although the Western Caucasus also exists as a distinct geographic space within the North Caucasus. The Greater Caucasus mountain range in the north is mostly shared by Russia and Georgia as well as the northernmost parts of Azerbaijan. The Lesser Caucasus mountain range in the south is mostly located on the territory of southern Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The region is known for its linguistic diversity: aside from Indo-European and Turkic languages, the Kartvelian, Northwest Caucasian, and Northeast Caucasian language families are indigenous to the area.

A cave monastery is a monastery built in caves, with possible outside facilities. The 3rd-century monk St. Anthony the Great, known as the founder of Christian monasticism, lived in a cave.

• Albania
  • Qafthanë Cave Church, cave church near Urakë
  • St. Mary's Church, cave church in Maligrad, an island in the Prespa lake
• Armenia
  • Geghard cave monastery/fortress
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Zavala monastery
• Bulgaria
  • Aladzha Monastery
  • Albotin Monastery
  • Basarbovo Monastery
  • Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
  • Cave monasteries of Krepcha
  • Monasteries of Provadia
  • Cave monasteries on the Plateau of Shumen
  • Cave monasteries of Tervel
• Egypt
  • St. Simon the Tanner Monastery
• Ethiopia
  • Monolithic church
• France
  • Abbey of Saint-Roman, Beaucaire, Gard
• Georgia
  • David Gareja monastery complex
  • Vanis Kvabebi cave monastery/fortress, Javakheti Plateau
  • Vardzia cave city and monastery
• Greece
  • various cave hermitages at Meteora
  • various cave hermitages at Mount Athos
    • caves at Karoulia
  • Monastery of Saint Mark, Petroussa (bg)
• Hungary
  • Gellért Hill Cave chapels and monastery, Budapest
• Iraq
  • Rabban Hormizd Monastery, Alqosh
  • Mar Qayuma Monastery, Dooreh
• Israel
  • Qumran Caves, once inhabited by the Essenes
• Montenegro
  • Ostrog Monastery
• North Macedonia
  • Kališta Monastery, Struga
• Romania
  • Basarabi Cave Complex
  • Corbii de Piatră
  • Nămăiești
• Russia
  • Monastery of the Caves, Nizhny Novgorod
  • Pskov Cave Monastery, Pskov Oblast
  • Divnogorye and Saviour Convent, Voronezh Oblast
• Serbia
  • Blagoveštenje
  • Crna Reka
  • Gornjak
  • Kađenica
  • Churches of Kovilje Monastery
  • Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, also known as the Cave Church, 14th-century church in Lukovo
  • Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, in Rsovci, where was painted a unique fresco of bald Jesus
  • Hermitage of St. Peter Koriški
  • Savina
• Thailand
  • Wat Tham Khan, Sakon Nakhon province
  • Tiger Cave Temple (Wat Tam Sua), Krabi
• Turkey
  • Cappadocia cave monasteries
  • Cave monastery of İnceğiz
  • Church of Saint Peter
• Ukraine

  

  • Bakhchysarai Cave Monastery in Crimea
  • Chelter-Koba (uk) in Crimea
  • Chylter-Marmara (uk) in Crimea
  • Inkerman Cave Monastery in Crimea
  • Assumption Cave Monastery in Zymne, Volyn Oblast
  • Bakota Cave Monastery in Bakota, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
  • Kachi-Kalon (uk) in Crimea
  • Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Near and Far Caves) in Kyiv
  • Kytaiv Monastery (uk) in Kyiv
  • Shuldan (uk) in Crimea
  • Sviatohirsk Lavra in Sviatohirsk, Donetsk Oblast
  • Yeletskyi Monastery (Saint Anthony's Caves) in Chernihiv

Akhalkalaki (Georgian: ახალქალაქი, romanized: akhalkalaki [äχäɫkʰäɫäkʰi]; Armenian: Ախալքալաք, romanized: Axalk’alak’) is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti Plateau. The city is located about 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the border with Armenia. The town's recorded history goes back to the 11th century. As of the 2014 Georgian census the town had a population of 8,295, with 93.8% Armenian majority.

Samsari Range (Georgian: სამსრის ქედი) is a volcanic range in southern Georgia, 120 km (75 mi) to the southwest of Tbilisi. It is a part of the Highland of Southern Georgia and rises above the Javakheti and Tsalka Plateaus. The range itself is 42 km (26 mi) long and runs north to south from the Ktsia to the Paravani River Gorges. There is archaeological evidence of ancient forts on some of the peaks.