In London, the Norman period began with the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and the medieval period ended with the death of Richard III in 1485. During this period, nearby Westminster became the capital of England, as monarchs held Parliament at the Palace of Westminster from 1265. Its population increased, reaching a height of 80,000-100,000 by around 1300- three times the size of the next largest city in England.
This period saw a dramatic increase in church-building, with over 100 churches within the city walls by the 12th century. The Tower of London and Old London Bridge were also built in this period. Londoners were instrumental in numerous armed conflicts, including The Anarchy, the Barons' Wars, the Peasants' Revolt, Jack Cade's Rebellion, and the Wars of the Roses.