Indo-European sound laws in the context of "Proto-Armenian language"

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⭐ Core Definition: Indo-European sound laws

As the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) broke up, its sound system diverged as well, as evidenced in various sound laws associated with the daughter Indo-European languages.Especially notable is the palatalization that produced the satem languages, along with the associated ruki sound law. Other notable changes include:

Bartholomae's law in Indo-Iranian, and Sievers's law in Proto-Germanic and (to some extent) various other branches, may or may not have been common Indo-European features. A number of innovations, both phonological and morphological, represent areal features common to the Italic and Celtic languages; among them the development of labiovelars to labial consonants in some Italic and Celtic branches, producing "p-Celtic" and "q-Celtic" languages (likewise "p-Italic" and "q-Italic", although these terms are less used). Another grouping with many shared areal innovations comprises Greek, Indo-Iranian, and Armenian; among its common phonological innovations are Grassmann's law in Greek and Indo-Iranian, and weakening of pre-vocalic /s/ to /h/ in Greek, Iranian and Armenian.

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Indo-European sound laws in the context of Proto-Indo-European language

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European has been discovered; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE and its daughter languages, and many of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result.

PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from approximately 4500 BCE to 2500 BCE during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Europe. The linguistic reconstruction of PIE has provided insight into the pastoral culture and patriarchal religion of its speakers. As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from each other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged, as each dialect underwent shifts in pronunciation (the Indo-European sound laws), morphology, and vocabulary. Over many centuries, these dialects transformed into the known ancient Indo-European languages. From there, further linguistic divergence led to the evolution of their current descendants, the modern Indo-European languages.

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LINKED FROM (PARENTS)
← Proto-Indo-European language ← Proto-Indo-European ← Proto Indo-European
LINKS TO (CHILDREN)
Proto-Indo-European language → Proto-Indo-European phonology → Sound change → Daughter language → Indo-European languages → Satem language → Ruki sound law → Grimm's law → Verner's law → Proto-Germanic → Armenian language → Proto-Armenian language → Adjarian's law → Proto-Armenian → Proto-Celtic → Brugmann's law → Proto-Indo-Iranian language → Winter's law → Hirt's law → Balto-Slavic languages → Hittite phonology → Cowgill's law (Germanic) → Cowgill's law (Greek) → Osthoff's law → Slavic first palatalization → Slavic second palatalization → History of Proto-Slavic → Bartholomae's law → Sievers's law → Proto-Germanic language → Phonology → Morphology (linguistics) → Areal feature → Italic languages → Celtic languages → Labialized velar consonant → Labial consonants → P-Celtic → Q-Celtic → Grassmann's law →