ISP in the context of Internet transit

Internet Protocol television (IPTV), also called TV over broadband, is the service delivery of television over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Usually sold and run by a telecom provider, it consists of broadcast live television that is streamed over the Internet (multicast) — in contrast to delivery through traditional terrestrial, satellite, and cable transmission formats — as well as video on demand services for watching or replaying content (unicast).

IPTV broadcasts started gaining usage during the 2000s alongside the rising use of broadband-based internet connections. It is often provided bundled with internet access services by ISPs to subscribers and runs in a closed network. IPTV normally requires the use of a set-top box, which receives the encoded television content in the MPEG transport stream via IP multicast, and converts the packets to be watched on a TV set or other kind of display. It is distinct from over-the-top (OTT) services, which are based on a direct one-to-one transmission mechanism.

Carlos Slim Helú (Spanish: [ˈkaɾlos esˈlin eˈlu, - esˈlim -]; born 28 January 1940) is a Mexican business oligarch, investor and philanthropist. From 2010 to 2013, Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world by Forbes business magazine. He derived his fortune from his extensive holdings in a considerable number of Mexican companies through his conglomerate, Grupo Carso. As of July 2025, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index ranked him as the 18th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$99.1 billion, making him the richest person in Latin America.

Slim's corporate conglomerate spans numerous industries across the Mexican economy, including education, health care, industrial manufacturing, transportation, real estate, mass media, mining, energy, entertainment, technology, retail, sports and financial services. However, the core of his fortune derives from telecommunications, where he owns América Móvil (with operations throughout Latin America) and the Mexican carrier Telcel and ISP Telmex, a state-run-gone-private company which maintained a virtual monopoly for many years after Slim's acquisition. He accounts for 40 per cent of the listings on the Mexican Stock Exchange. As of 2016, he was the largest single shareholder of non-voting shares of the New York Times Company. In 2017, he sold half of his shares.

One Wilshire is an office building located at the junction of Wilshire Boulevard and South Grand Avenue in downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. Located at the eastern end of Wilshire, its address is 624 S. Grand Avenue. Built in 1966, the thirty-story high-rise was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, and for its first decades in existence, it was used almost exclusively by law firms. In the early 1990s, it began housing largely telecommunications companies, and in 1992, One Wilshire underwent a major renovation, with the improvements largely related to telecommunication network upgrades. Around this time, a large meet-me room was constructed on the fourth floor, and in 2008, Wired claimed that One Wilshire had "the world's most densely populated Meet-Me room," with around 260 ISPs with interconnected networks.

In 2001, the Carlyle Group bought the building for $119 million, and Hines Real Estate Investment Trust in Houston, Texas, paid $287 million for One Wilshire in 2007. It was sold in 2013 from Hines Real Estate Investment Trust to GI Partners for $437.5 million, the highest price ever paid for an office building in downtown Los Angeles. As of 2013, it was one of the top three telecommunications centers in the world, and by 2015 One Wilshire was "the most highly connected Internet point in the western U.S.," with submarine communications cables allowing "one-third of Internet traffic from the U.S. to Asia [to pass] through the building."