In Greek mythology, Hypnos (/ˈhɪpnɒs/; Ancient Greek: Ὕπνος, 'sleep'), also spelled Hypnus, is the personification of sleep. The Roman equivalent is Somnus. His name is the origin of the word hypnosis. Pausanias wrote that Hypnos was the dearest friend of the Muses.
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In Greek mythology, the Charites (/ˈkærɪtiːz/; Ancient Greek: Χάριτες), singular Charis (Χάρις), also called the Graces, are goddesses who personify beauty and grace. According to Hesiod, the Charites were Aglaea, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, who were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, the daughter of Oceanus. However in other accounts, their names, number and parentage varied. In Roman mythology they were known as the Gratiae. Hesiod has Aglaea as the wife of Hephaestus, and in the Iliad Hera promises to give a Charis named Pasithea to Hypnos as bride. Otherwise they have little independent mythology, usually described as attending various gods and goddesses, especially Aphrodite.
In Roman and later art, the three Charites are generally depicted nude in an interlaced group, but during the Archaic and Classical periods of Greece, they were typically depicted as fully clothed, and in a line, with dance poses.
Morpheus (Ancient Greek: Μορφεύς, romanized: Morpheús 'Fashioner', derived from Ancient Greek: μορφή, romanized: morphḗ, meaning 'form, shape') is a god associated with sleep and dreams. In Ovid's Metamorphoses he is the son of Somnus (Sleep, the Roman counterpart of Hypnos) and appears in dreams in human form. From the Middle Ages, the name began to stand more generally for the god of dreams, or of sleep.
In Greek mythology, Pasithea (Ancient Greek: Πασιθέα), Pasithee or Pasitheia, was one of the Graces and the wife of Hypnos. In the Dionysiaca, the epic poem of Nonnus (fifth century CE), she is one of the three attendant Graces of Aphrodite.
In Roman mythology, Somnus ("sleep") is the personification of sleep. His Greek counterpart is Hypnos. Somnus resided in the underworld. According to Virgil, Somnus was the brother of Death (Mors), and according to Ovid, Somnus had a 'thousand' sons, the Somnia ('dream shapes'), who appear in dreams 'mimicking many forms'. Ovid named three of the sons of Somnus: Morpheus, who appears in human guise, Icelos / Phobetor, who appears as beasts, and Phantasos, who appears as inanimate objects.
In Greek mythology, Pasithea (Ancient Greek: Πασιθέα or Πασιθέη Pasitheê, possibly meaning 'the one who runs to all' or 'the Goddess revered by all') may refer to the following figures:
In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Phobetor (Ancient Greek: Φοβήτωρ, romanized: Phobḗtōr, lit. 'frightener', from Ancient Greek: φόβος, romanized: phóbos, lit. 'panic, fear'), so called by humans, or Icelus/Icelos (Ancient Greek: Ἴκελος, romanized: Íkelos, lit. 'like, resembling'), so called by the gods, is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep, the Roman counterpart of Hypnos). He appeared in dreams "in the form of beast or bird or the long serpent".
According to Ovid, two of his brothers were Morpheus, who appeared in dreams in human form, and Phantasos ('Fantasy'), who appears in dreams in the form of inanimate objects. The three brothers‘ names are found nowhere earlier than Ovid, which leads some scholars to believe that they were originally invented by him. One example of these scholars is Tripp, who calls the three figures "literary, not mythical concepts". However, there is not a consensus around the origins of the figures. For example, Griffin suggests that the names of the deities and the division of dream forms between Phobetor and his brothers may have been of Hellenistic origin.