Breast milk (sometimes spelled as breastmilk) or mother's milk is milk produced by the mammary glands in the breasts of women. Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborn infants, comprising fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and a varying composition of minerals and vitamins. Breast milk also contains substances that help protect an infant against infection and inflammation, such as symbiotic bacteria and other microorganisms and immunoglobulin A, whilst also contributing to the healthy development of the infant's immune system and gut microbiome.
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Human milk in the context of Baby formula
Infant formula, also called baby formula, simply formula (American English), formula milk, baby milk, or infant milk (British English), is a manufactured food designed and marketed for feeding babies and infants under 12 months of age, usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without additional water). The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) defines infant formula as "a food which purports to be or is represented for special dietary use solely as a food for infants because it simulates human milk or its suitability as a complete or partial substitute for human milk".
A 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) report found that infant formula prepared per applicable Codex Alimentarius standards was a safe complementary food and a suitable breast milk substitute. In 2003, the WHO and UNICEF published their Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, which restated that "processed-food products for ... young children should, when sold or otherwise distributed, meet applicable standards recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission", and also warned that "lack of breastfeeding—and especially lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first half-year of life—are important risk factors for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality".
View the full Wikipedia page for Baby formulaHuman milk in the context of Herodotus (physician)
Herodotus (/hɪˈrɒdətəs/ hirr-OD-ə-təs; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος, romanized: Hēródotos, Attic Greek pronunciation: [hɛːródotos]) was the name of more than one physician in the time of ancient Greece and Rome:
- A pupil of Athenaeus, or perhaps Agathinus, who belonged to the Pneumatic school. He probably lived towards the end of the 1st century AD, and lived at Rome, where he practised medicine with great success. He wrote some medical works, which are several times quoted by Galen and Oribasius, but of which only some fragments remain.
- The son of Arieus, a native either of Tarsus or Philadelphia, who probably belonged to the Empiric school. He was a pupil of Menodotus of Nicomedia, and tutor to Sextus Empiricus, and lived therefore in the 2nd century AD.
- The physician mentioned by Galen, together with Euryphon, as having recommended human milk in cases of consumption, was probably a different person from either of the preceding, and may have been a contemporary of Euryphon in the 5th century BC.