Group action in the context of "Isogonal figure"

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⭐ Core Definition: Group action

In mathematics, an action of a group on a set is, loosely speaking, an operation that takes an element of and an element of and produces another element of More formally, it is a group homomorphism from to the automorphism group of X (the set of all bijections on along with group operation being function composition). One says that acts on

Many sets of transformations form a group under function composition; for example, the rotations around a point in the plane. It is often useful to consider the group as an abstract group, and to say that one has a group action of the abstract group that consists of performing the transformations of the group of transformations. The reason for distinguishing the group from the transformations is that, generally, a group of transformations of a structure acts also on various related structures; for example, the above rotation group also acts on triangles by transforming triangles into triangles.

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Group action in the context of Vertex-transitive

In geometry, a polytope (e.g. a polygon or polyhedron) or a tiling is isogonal or vertex-transitive if all its vertices are equivalent under the symmetries of the figure. This implies that each vertex is surrounded by the same kinds of face in the same or reverse order, and with the same angles between corresponding faces.

Technically, one says that for any two vertices there exists a symmetry of the polytope mapping the first isometrically onto the second. Other ways of saying this are that the group of automorphisms of the polytope acts transitively on its vertices, or that the vertices lie within a single symmetry orbit.

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Group action in the context of Kleinian group

In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space H. The latter, identifiable with PSL(2, C), is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their center, which consists of the identity matrix and its product by −1. PSL(2, C) has a natural representation as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the Riemann sphere, and as orientation-preserving conformal transformations of the open unit ball B in R. The group of Möbius transformations is also related as the non-orientation-preserving isometry group of H, PGL(2, C). So, a Kleinian group can be regarded as a discrete subgroup acting on one of these spaces.

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Group action in the context of Infinite group

In group theory, an area of mathematics, an infinite group is a group whose underlying set contains infinitely many elements. In other words, it is a group of infinite order. The structure of infinite groups is often a question of mathematical analysis of the asymptotics of how various invariants grow relative to a generating set, or how a group acts on a topological or measure space. In contrast, the structure of finite groups is determined largely by methods of abstract algebra.

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