Generalized seizure in the context of Tonic–clonic seizures

⭐ Core Definition: Generalized seizure

Generalized epilepsy is a form of epilepsy characterized by generalized seizures that occur with no obvious cause. Generalized seizures, as opposed to focal seizures, are a type of seizure that manifests as impaired consciousness, bilateral motor findings (including spasms, stiffening, jerking, contractions, or loss of muscle tone) or both. Generalized seizures also differ from focal seizures since they originate on both sides (hemispheres) of the brain and distort the electrical activity of the whole or a larger portion of the brain. These electrical findings are commonly visualized on electroencephalography (EEG) as part of diagnosis.

Generalized epilepsy is a type of primary epilepsy because the disorder is the originally diagnosed condition, as opposed to secondary epilepsy, which occurs as a symptom of a diagnosed illness.

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👉 Generalized seizure in the context of Tonic–clonic seizures

A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated with metabolic imbalances. It is a misconception that they are the sole type of seizure, as they are the main seizure type in approximately 10% of those with epilepsy.

These seizures typically initiate abruptly with either a focal or generalized onset. A prodrome (a vague sense of impending seizure) may also be present before the seizure begins. The seizure itself includes both tonic and clonic contractions, with tonic contractions usually preceding clonic contractions. After these series of contractions, there is an extended postictal state where the person is unresponsive and commonly sleeping with loud snoring. There is usually pronounced confusion upon awakening.

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⭐ Core Definition: Generalized seizure
👉 Generalized seizure in the context of Tonic–clonic seizures
Generalized seizure in the context of Electroconvulsive therapy

Generalized seizure in the context of Electroconvulsive therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment that causes a generalized seizure by passing electrical current through the brain. ECT is often used as an intervention for mental disorders when other treatments are inadequate. Conditions responsive to ECT include major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia.

The general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia. Immediately following treatment, the most common adverse effects are confusion and transient memory loss. Among treatments for severely depressed pregnant women, ECT is one of the least harmful to the fetus.

View the full Wikipedia page for Electroconvulsive therapy

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