Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), also known as disorders of gut–brain interaction, include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and involve visceral hypersensitivity and motility disturbances.
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In this Dossier
Functional gastrointestinal disorder in the context of Irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms that commonly include abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and changes in the consistency of bowel movements. These symptoms may occur over a long time, sometimes for years. IBS can negatively affect quality of life and may result in missed school or work or reduced productivity at work. Disorders such as anxiety, major depression, and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS, sometimes developing due to the condition.
The cause of IBS is not known but multiple factors have been proposed to lead to the condition. Theories include combinations of "gut–brain axis" problems, alterations in gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, infections including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, neurotransmitters, genetic factors, and food sensitivity. Onset may be triggered by a stressful life event, or an intestinal infection. In the latter case, it is called post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
Functional gastrointestinal disorder in the context of Chronic condition
A chronic condition (also known as chronic disease or chronic illness) is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.
Common chronic diseases include diabetes, functional gastrointestinal disorder, eczema, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and some viral diseases such as hepatitis C and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Functional gastrointestinal disorder in the context of Burping
Belching (also called burping and eructation) is the audible release of gas from the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus and stomach) of humans, and other animals into the pharynx, and usually out through the mouth.
In humans, belching can be caused by normal eating processes, or as a side effect of other medical conditions. When belching is excessive it may be classed as a belching disorder, one of the gastroduodenal disorders. Belching is a frequent symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but this is distinct from a belching disorder.