Fermionic in the context of Half-integer

Fermionic in the context of Half-integer

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⭐ Core Definition: Fermionic

In particle physics, a fermion is a subatomic particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. Fermions have a half-integer spin (spin ⁠1/2⁠, spin ⁠3/2⁠, etc.) and obey the Pauli exclusion principle. These particles include all quarks and leptons and all composite particles made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions differ from bosons, which obey Bose–Einstein statistics.

Some fermions are elementary particles (such as electrons), and some are composite particles (such as protons). For example, according to the spin-statistics theorem in relativistic quantum field theory, particles with integer spin are bosons. In contrast, particles with half-integer spin are fermions.

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Fermionic in the context of Helium-3

Helium-3 (He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron. (In contrast, the most common isotope, helium-4, has two protons and two neutrons.) Helium-3 and hydrogen-1 are the only stable nuclides with more protons than neutrons. It was discovered in 1939. Helium-3 atoms are fermionic and become a superfluid at the temperature of 2.491 mK.

Helium-3 occurs as a primordial nuclide, escaping from Earth's crust into its atmosphere and into outer space over millions of years. It is also thought to be a natural nucleogenic and cosmogenic nuclide, one produced when lithium is bombarded by natural neutrons, which can be released by spontaneous fission and by nuclear reactions with cosmic rays. Some found in the terrestrial atmosphere is a remnant of atmospheric and underwater nuclear weapons testing.

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Subatomic particle → Boson → Hadron → Particle physics → Fermi–Dirac statistics → Half-integer → Spin 1/2 → Spin (physics) → Pauli exclusion principle → Quark → Lepton → Composite particle → Even and odd → Baryon → Atom → Atomic nucleus → Bose–Einstein statistics → Elementary particle → Electron → Proton → Spin-statistics theorem → Theory of relativity → Quantum field theory → Integer → Spin (physics) →