Esch-sur-Alzette in the context of "Alzette"

Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg; French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish: Stad Lëtzebuerg or d'Stad; French: Ville de Luxembourg; German: Stadt Luxemburg or Luxemburg-Stadt), is the capital city of Luxembourg and the country's most populous commune. Standing at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg, the city lies in the center of Western Europe, situated 213 km (132 mi) by road from Brussels and 209 km (130 mi) from Cologne. The city contains Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.

As of 31 December 2024, Luxembourg City has a population of 136,208 inhabitants, which is more than three times the population of the country's second most populous commune (Esch-sur-Alzette). The population consists of 160 nationalities. Foreigners represent 70.1% of the city's population, whilst Luxembourgers represent 29.9% of the population, making it the commune with the highest proportion of foreign residents in Luxembourg.

Lameschmillen, also known as the Bergemer Mühle, is located halfway between Bergem and Noertzange (Commune of Mondercange), at the confluence of the rivers Alzette and Mess. It is one of three watermills in Luxembourg with the same name. It marks the southern limit of the Dumontshaff Project at Dumontshaff/Dumontshof which converted a stretch of the upper Alzette into a nature reserve. The area is rich in wildlife, especially waterbirds.

There has been a mill at the same site since at least the twelfth century when, along with Esch, Mittendal and Bergem it formed part of the parish (forerunner of the Commune) of Schifflange. Existing buildings date from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, with further alterations in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Nicolas Joseph 'Claus' Cito (26 May 1882 – 10 October 1965) was a Luxembourgish sculptor educated at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels.

He is most notable for having created the original Gëlle Fra war memorial, though his work can also be found at the Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg. Along with Emile Hulten and Charles Kohl, he worked on the bas-reliefs of the National Resistance Museum in Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.

The first generation of trams in Luxembourg ran from 1875 to 1964, before they were withdrawn from service and the tramways removed. A second generation of trams began operational service in December 2017, along a new route, completed in March 2025, that runs from Luxembourg Airport to the Cloche d'Or business district, in Gasperich, serving the new national stadium, via Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg and Luxembourg railway stations. Additional lines are planned for the network both within Luxembourg City, as well as extending to Strassen and Esch-sur-Alzette. Work has already begun on an extension of the existing Kirchberg segment, with preparatory construction starting in February 2025.

Trams have been free of charge since 29 February 2020, when all public transport in Luxembourg (buses, trams and trains) were made free at the point of use.

The National Museum of Resistance and Human Rights (Luxembourgish: Nationale Resistenzmusée; French: Musée National de la Résistance et des Droits Humains; German: Nationales Museum des Widerstands und der Menschenrechte) is located in the centre of Esch-sur-Alzette in the south-west of Luxembourg. The specially designed building (1956) traces the history of Luxembourg from 1940 to 1945 under the Nazi oppression, through the reactions of the people (passive resistance, resistance movements, forced enrolment, strike, refractory, Luxembourger in the maquis and in the Allied forces), until liberation, by photos, objects and works of art. There is also an exhibition of the Nazi concentration camps and the treatment of Luxembourg's Jews.