The economy of ancient Greece was dominated by agricultural production and exchange. Most agricultural production was carried out in the countryside, while the cities or poleis were net consumers. There was enough fertile soil and winter rainfall on the ancient Greek mainland for agricultural production, despite the fact that the region is relatively mountainous and has generally small rivers.
Agricultural trade was of particular importance. The impact of limited crop production was somewhat offset by Greece's paramount location, as its position in the Mediterranean gave its provinces control over some of Egypt's most crucial seaports and trade routes. Beginning in the 6th century BCE, trade craftsmanship and commerce, principally maritime, became pivotal aspects of Greek economic output.
