Echo Boom in the context of "Cohort (statistics)"

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⭐ Core Definition: Echo Boom

Millennials, also known as Generation Y or Gen Y, are the demographic cohort following Generation X and preceding Generation Z. Researchers and popular media use the early 1980s as starting birth years and the mid-1990s to early 2000s as ending birth years, with the generation typically being defined as people born from 1981 to 1996. Most millennials are the children of baby boomers and older Gen Xers, and are often the parents of Generation Alpha.

As children in the late 1980s to 2000s, millennials saw the rise of the Information Age and Internet, being described by some as the first global generation. As adolescents and young adults in the late 1990s to 2010s, the generation was marked by a more upbeat youth culture, elevated familiarity with the Internet and technology in general, and usage of early social media platforms such as AOL Instant Messenger, LiveJournal, and Myspace. Between the 1990s and 2010s, people from developing countries became increasingly well-educated, a factor that boosted economic growth in these countries.

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Echo Boom in the context of Population momentum

Population momentum or demographic inertia is the tendency of the raw birth rate to rise as a result of past high fertility rates, even after fertility rates have fallen, or vice-versa. This occurs because a current increase in fertility rates causes an increase in the number of women of childbearing age roughly twenty-to-forty years later, meaning population growth figures tend to lag substantially behind fertility rates. Well-known examples include the Echo Boom (the increase in the total number of births as baby boomers reached child-rearing age) and Chinese population growth throughout the era of the one-child policy (from 1979 until 2021).

Population momentum explains why a population will continue to grow even if the fertility rate declines or continues to decline even if the fertility rate grows. Population momentum occurs because it is not only the number of children per woman that determine population growth, but also the number of women of reproductive age. Eventually, when the fertility rate reaches the replacement rate and the population size of women in the reproductive age bracket stabilizes, the population achieves equilibrium and population momentum comes to an end. Population momentum is defined as the ratio of the size of the population at that new equilibrium level to the size of the initial population.

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