The Duchy of Tuscia (/ˈtʌsiə, ˈtʌʃ(i)ə/ TUSS-ee-ə, TUSH-(ee-)ə; Modern Italian: Ducato di Tuscia [duˈkaːto di ˈtuʃʃa]; Latin: Ducatus Tusciae), initially known as the Duchy of Lucca (Modern Italian: Ducato di Lucca; Latin: Ducatus Lucaniae), was a Lombard duchy in Central Italy, which included much of today's Tuscany. After the occupation of the territories belonging to the Byzantines, the Lombards founded this flourishing duchy which, among other centres, also included Florence. The capital of the duchy was Lucca, which was located along the Via Francigena, being also the city where the dukes resided.
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👉 Duchy of Tuscia in the context of Lombards
The Lombards, Longobards or Langobards (Latin: Langobardi) were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774 AD. They had previously settled in the Middle Danube in the 5th century, near what is now Austria, Slovenia and Hungary. Their previous homeland was in the north, near present day Hamburg. Roman-era historians in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD mention the Lombards as one of the Suebian peoples, and report them living on the Lower Elbe already in the early 1st century. Their legacy is apparent in Lombardy, northern Italy, the region deriving its name from them.
There are no contemporary accounts of the Lombards in the 3rd or 4th century, or for most of the 5th century, which is when they reappear, near the Danube river far to the south. Legendary accounts of the Lombard migration are found in several early medieval texts, the oldest being the Origo Gentis Langobardorum (Origin of the Lombard People). There are two other notable later adaptions, the Chronicon Gothanum and the more scholarly History of the Lombards by Paul the Deacon, written between 787 and 796 AD, which contain more information. All three describe the Lombards as a people who moved to the Danube from somewhere near the North Sea. The details, however, differ until they enter "Rugiland" soon after Odoacer's defeat in 487/488 AD of the Rugii, who had a kingdom near what is now Vienna.
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Duchy of Tuscia in the context of Langobardia Maior
Langobardia Major was the name that, in the Early Middle Ages, was given to the domains of the Lombard Kingdom in Northern Italy. It comprised Lombardy proper with its capital Pavia, the Duchies of Friuli and Trent as well as the Tuscany region. In the south, it was bordered by the Patrimonium Sancti Petri, which would become the Papal States following the 754 Donation of Pepin, stretching from the Tyrrhenian to the Adriatic Sea. The Lombard territories further to the south were called Langobardia Minor, consisting of the Duchies of Spoleto and Benevento.
Langobardia Major was internally divided into eastern Austria, western Neustria and Tuscia. After the domains had been conquered by Charlemagne at the 774 Siege of Pavia, they became part of the Carolingian Empire.