As of 1 October 2025, Spain had a total population of 49,442,844. The modern Kingdom of Spain arose from the accretion of several independent Iberian realms, including the Kingdoms of León, Castile, Navarre, the Crown of Aragon and Granada, all of which, together with the modern state of Portugal, were successor states to the late antique Christian Visigothic Kingdom after the Reconquista.
Spain's population surpassed 49 million inhabitants for the first time in history in 2025, with a total population of 49,442,844 people living in Spain. Its population density, at 97 inhabitants per square kilometre (250/sq mi), is much lower than other Western European countries, yet, with the exception of microstates, it has the highest real density population in Europe, based on density of inhabited areas. With the notable exception of Madrid, Spain's capital city, the most densely populated areas lie around the coast.
