Dead ice is the ice in a part of a glacier or ice sheet that is no longer moving. As the ice melts, it leaves behind a hummocky terrain known as dead-ice moraine. Dead-ice moraine is produced by the accumulation of sediments carried by glaciers that have been left behind from ice melting. Features of such terrain include kettle holes. Landscapes forming Veiki moraines in northern Sweden and Canada have been attributed to the erosion of extensive bodies of till-covered dead ice.
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Dead ice in the context of Kettle (landform)
A kettle (also known as a kettle hole, kettlehole, pothole, or, in parts of the United Kingdom, pingo) is a depression or hole in an outwash plain formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters. The kettles are formed as a result of blocks of dead ice left behind by retreating glaciers, which become surrounded by sediment deposited by meltwater streams as there is increased friction. The ice becomes buried in the sediment and when the ice melts, a depression is left called a kettle hole, creating a dimpled appearance on the outwash plain. Lakes often fill these kettles; these are called kettle hole lakes. Another source is the sudden drainage of an ice-dammed lake and when the block melts, the hole it leaves behind is a kettle. As the ice melts, ramparts can form around the edge of the kettle hole. The lakes that fill these holes are seldom more than 10 m (33 ft) deep and eventually fill with sediment. In acidic conditions, a kettle bog may form but in alkaline conditions, it will be kettle peatland.
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