Byzantine–Ottoman wars in the context of "Second Bulgarian Empire"

A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The earliest conflicts began during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars, waged in Anatolia in the late 13th century before entering Europe in the mid-14th century with the Bulgarian–Ottoman wars. The mid-15th century saw the Serbian–Ottoman wars and the Albanian-Ottoman wars. Much of this period was characterized by the Ottoman expansion into the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire made further inroads into Central Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries, culminating in the peak of Ottoman territorial claims in Europe.

The Ottoman–Venetian wars spanned four centuries, starting in 1423 and lasting until 1718. This period witnessed the fall of Negroponte in 1470, the siege of Malta in 1565, the fall of Famagusta (Cyprus) in 1571, the defeat of the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 (at that time the largest naval battle in history), the fall of Candia (Crete) in 1669, the Venetian reconquest of Morea (Peloponnese) in the 1680s and its loss again in 1715. The island of Venetian-ruled Corfu remained the only Greek island not conquered by the Ottomans.

Lala Shahin Pasha (Turkish: Lala Şahin Paşa; c. 1330 – c. 1388), was an Ottoman military commander and the first Beylerbey of Rumelia. A mentor to Sultan Murad I, he played a central role in the Ottoman expansion into the Balkans, commanding key campaigns during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe. He led forces at the Battle of Maritsa, the conquest of Adrianople and the Siege of Sofia, helping to establish lasting Ottoman control over much of modern-day Bulgaria, Macedonia and part of Serbia.