Bruttium

Lucania was a historical region of Southern Italy, named after its native Lucani, an Oscan people. It extended from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. It bordered with Samnium and Campania in the north, Apulia in the east, and Bruttium in the south-west, and was at the tip of the peninsula which is now called Calabria. It comprised almost all the modern region of Basilicata, the southern part of the Province of Salerno (the Cilento area), the western part of Province of Taranto and a northern portion of the Province of Cosenza.

The precise limits were the river Silarus in the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the Gravina which flows into the Gulf of Taranto in the east. The lower tract of the river Laus, which flows from a ridge of the Apennine Mountains to the Tyrrhenian Sea in an east-west direction, marked part of the border with Bruttium.

Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Apulia et Calabria) was a Late Roman province in the ancient southern Italian territories of Apulia and Calabria – both roughly included in the modern Apulia region, with Calabria being the Roman term for Salento (distinct from Bruttium, which corresponds to modern Calabria). Its capital was Canusium (modern Canosa di Puglia).

Punta di Pellaro (Greek: Λευκοπέτρα, "white rock"; Latin: Leucopetra) is the extreme southwestern point of mainland Italy, in the region of Calabria, looking towards the east coast of Sicily, at 38°01′N 15°38′E / 38.017°N 15.633°E / 38.017; 15.633.

Anciently a promontory of Bruttium, it was in consequence of its location generally regarded as the termination of the chain of the Apennines. Pliny tells it was some 20 km from Rhegium (modern Reggio di Calabria). The whiteness of the rocks composing this headland gave origin to the ancient name.