Bethharan, Betharan or Beth Haran (for Hebrew: בית הרן), also Betharam or Beth-Aram (for Hebrew בית הרם; no linguistic relation to Aram), was a Hebrew Bible city, in the valley-plain east of the Jordan River, opposite Jericho. In the Book of Joshua, a city called "Betharam" is listed as one of the cities allotted by Moses to Gad (Joshua 13:27), previously belonging to Sihon the Amorite. According to the Book of Numbers, "Betharan" was rebuilt by the tribe of Gad (Numbers 32:36).
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Betharamphtha in the context of Herod Antipas
Herod Antipas (Ancient Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπας, romanized: Hērṓidēs Antípas; c. 20 BC – c. 39 AD) was a 1st-century Herodian ruler of Galilee and Perea. He bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the New Testament. He was a son of Herod the Great and a grandson of Antipater the Idumaean. He is widely known today for his role in the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth (Matthew 14:1–12, Luke 23:5–12).
Following the death of his father (4 BC in Schürer's 1890 publication, 1 BC according to Jack Finegan, W. E. Filmer, and Andrew Steinmann), Herod Antipas was recognized as tetrarch by Caesar Augustus and subsequently by his brother, the ethnarch Herod Archelaus. Antipas officially ruled Galilee and Perea as a client state of the Roman Empire. He was responsible for building projects at Sepphoris and Betharamphtha, and for the construction of his capital Tiberias on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. Named in honour of his patron, the emperor Tiberius, the city later became a centre of rabbinic learning after the Jewish–Roman wars.
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