2025 Malagasy coup d'état in the context of "National Assembly (Madagascar)"

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⭐ Core Definition: 2025 Malagasy coup d'état

On 12 October 2025, CAPSAT, an elite unit of the Madagascar Armed Forces, overthrew the government of President Andry Rajoelina, the culmination of a protest movement which began in late September. The unit urged the rest of the military to join them and the capital Antananarivo was seized with little resistance. Later that day, the president of the Senate was removed and CAPSAT's nominee for chief of the armed forces was accepted by the civilian authorities.

On 13 October, President Andry Rajoelina fled the country under disputed circumstances, and from an undisclosed location ordered the dissolution of the National Assembly the next day. The legislative body ignored Rajoelina and proceeded to impeach him. Later that day, the military announced that it was taking power and dissolved numerous political institutions except the National Assembly. On 17 October, CAPSAT colonel Michael Randrianirina was inaugurated as interim president.

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In this Dossier

2025 Malagasy coup d'état in the context of Senate of Madagascar

The Senate (Malagasy: Antenimierandoholona / French: Sénat) is the upper chamber of the bicameral Parliament of Madagascar. The Senate has 18 members: 12 are indirectly elected, two from each of the six provinces of Madagascar, and 6 are appointed by the President. The President of the Senate is the legal successor to the President of the Republic in the event of a vacancy in the latter position.

Following the 2025 coup d'état, the transitional government has suspended the Senate and the future of the chamber is unclear.

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2025 Malagasy coup d'état in the context of 2025 Malagasy protests

Protests have occurred across Madagascar since September 2025, focused in the capital of Antananarivo. The protests were triggered by frequent water and power outages in the city. Homes of high-profile politicians have been targeted. The protests have also spread to other cities across Madagascar.

Since 25 September, 22 people including protesters and civilians have been killed due to both security forces' response or due to looting and general disorder. Commercial areas and public facilities of major cities have experienced looting and vandalism. After removing his energy minister on 26 September, Malagasy President Andry Rajoelina announced the dissolution of the government of Prime Minister Christian Ntsay on 29 September. On 6 October 2025 he appointed military general Ruphin Zafisambo as the new Prime Minister. On 11 October, units of the Madagascar Armed Forces carried out a coup d'état in support of the protests.

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2025 Malagasy coup d'état in the context of Council of the Presidency for the Re-Foundation of the Republic of Madagascar

The Council of the Presidency for the Re-Foundation of the Republic of Madagascar is the acting governing body of Madagascar, established by the Madagascar Armed Forces unit CAPSAT immediately following the 2025 Malagasy coup d'état of 14 October. It is headed by Colonel Michael Randrianirina, who consequently serves as transitional president. Currently comprising officers of the armed forces and the national gendarmerie, the council's first decree noted that civilians were to probably be included as well.

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