Thessalian plain

The Thessalian League (Thessalian Aeolic: Κοινὸν τοῦν Πετθαλοῦν, Koinòn toûn Petthaloûn; Attic: Κοινὸν τῶν Θετταλῶν, Koinòn tôn Thettalôn; Ionic and Koine Greek: Κοινὸν τῶν Θεσσαλῶν, Koinòn tôn Thessalôn) was a koinon or loose confederacy of feudal-like poleis and tribes in ancient Thessaly, located in the Thessalian plain in Greece. The seat of the Thessalian League was Larissa.

The Pineios (Greek: Πηνειός, romanized: Pineiós, Modern Greek: [pi.ni.ˈos], Ancient Greek: [pɛːnei̯ós], referred to in Latin sources as Peneus) is a river in Thessaly, Greece. The river is named after the god Peneus. During the later Middle Ages, it was also known as the Salamvrias or Salavrias (Σαλα[μ]βριάς).

It flows from the Pindus mountains through the Thessalian plain and empties into the Aegean Sea, northeast of the Vale of Tempe, near Stomio. It creates a large delta, well known for its beauty and for many animal species, protected by international environmental treaties. Its total length is 205 km. Its drainage basin is 9,500 km (3,700 sq mi). Its source is near the village Malakasi, on the eastern slope of the Pindus main range, east of Metsovo. The Meteora region and the city of Larissa lie along the Pineios. Trikala lies on its tributary, the Lithaios. In the 1960s, a freeway connecting Athens and Thessaloniki was constructed in much of the Vale of Tempe.